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The use of seat belts for the driver and all passengers is mandatory in the United Kingdom.
The use of child restraint systems is mandatory as well in the United Kingdom.

If the car has no seat belts (for example, a classic car), it is not permitted to carry children up to 3 years. Children over 3 years are permitted to sit in the rear seat only. These rules apply only if the vehicle was originally released without seat belts.

Fine is from £ 30 up to 500.

The exemptions of the rule is allowed for:

a driver who is reversing, or supervising a learner driver who is reversing;

in a vehicle being used for police, fire and rescue services;

a driver driving a cargo vehicle on deliveries that is travelling no more than 50 meters between stops;

licensed taxi drivers.

Medical exemptions for seat belts use If you have a medical reason and because of you are not able to wear a seat belt, you have to take a ‘Certificate of Exemption from Compulsory Seat Belt Wearing’ from you doctor.
You must keep this in your vehicle and show it to the police if you’re stopped.
You is also obliged to tell your car insurer about this medical reason.

Child restraint systems
Children under the age of 3 must use an appropriate child restraint system, whether travelling on the front or the rear seat.
Exemption is allowed in case of a child under the age of 3. They may travel unrestrained in a taxi if a child restraint is not available.

Children on age of 3 or older and up to 135 cm in height or 12 years of age (whichever they reach first) must also use an appropriate child restraint system, whether travelling on the front or the rear seat.
Exemptions is allowed if these children travelling in the rear seat of:

a taxi

a motor vehicle, for a short distance and in an unexpected necessity

a motor vehicle where two occupied child restraints prevent fitting a third one (then they must use an adult seat belt if a child restraint is not available

Children aged 12 or 13 or over 135 cm in height must use an adult seat belt.