Internal-combustion engines run at high speeds, so a reduction in gearing is necessary to transmit power to the drive wheels, which turn much more slowly.
The components of a manual transmission
The main components of the manual transmission are clutch pedal, clutch, flywheel, selector fork, collar, layshaft, output shaft, gears.
How manual transmission work?
Gearbox is the second stage in the transmission system, after the clutch. It is usually bolted to the rear of the engine, with the clutch between them.
Modern cars with manual transmissions usually have five or six forward speeds and one reverse, as well as a neutral position. The lower the gear, the slower the road wheels turn in relation to the engine speed, and the most powerful is the initial driving moment of the car.
The gearbox provides a selection of gears for different driving conditions: standing start, climbing a hill, or cruising on level surfaces.
The advantages of a manual transmission Simplicity - easier to work on, easier to design and manufacture, and often have fewer items which could fault should something go wrong.
Cost - less complexity and fewer materials leads to a lower cost, so the vehicles with manual gearbox are often significantly cheaper.
Weight - without bulky torque converters nor the complicated clutch and planetary systems of traditional automatics, the weight of manual transmission is less.
Efficiency - fluid couplings generate heat, that lead to energy waste. When a clutch is fully engaged, 100% of the torque reaching it passes through to the transmission (hold the technical correction, sure some is lost as rotational inertia).